Phosphate Binding Media
Phosphate binding media have become very popular in
not only the keepings of SPS dominate reef tanks but all reef aquariums
in general. Phosphate binding media such as those based on granular ferric
oxide (GFO) or alumina oxide (AO) are typically employed in fluidized
media reactors to provide maximum efficiency of the media. These types
of media are capable of adsorbing not only large quantities of organic
and inorganic phosphate but arsenic and silicates as well. When these
materials are exhausted they will not release the bound compounds back
into the reef aquarium water.
 
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In the reef aquarium phosphate is the byproduct of the decomposition
of organic substances such as excess food, dead plant matter, and detritus
from the tank inhabitants or other dead animals. Elevated concentrations
of phosphate leads to the growth of various nuisance algae and will inhibit
the growth in acropora, montipora, and other species of stony corals as
well as calcareous algae. High concentrations of phosphate will also darken
SPS corals causing them to “brown out”.
Phosphate levels in a reef aquarium can be maintained a levels at of
very close to zero by using GFO’s or AO’s. These phosphate
absorbents can last for up to several months before having to be replaced
though it would be a wise idea to use less then the recommended amount
and replace the media more frequently. There is a risk of reducing phosphate
levels too quickly in SPS dominated reef tanks. Some aquarists have speculated
that such practices have been the cause of rapid tissue necrosis (RTN)
or slow tissue necrosis (STN).
The use of phosphate binding media is best applied when initially setting
up a new aquarium. This will ensure that the phosphate will be eliminated
before it is allowed to reach high concentrations. The continued controlled
use of these phosphate binding medias will help prevent the growth of
nuisance algae as well as providing a low nutrient environment which allows
for maximum growth and will help hard and soft corals exhibit their brightest
colors.
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